Available online: (accessed on 1 December 2021). Mathematical Definitions of Scene and Scenario for Analysis of Automated Driving Systems in Mixed-Traffic Simulations. Road Vehicles–Functional Safety Standard, International Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2016. Fundamental Considerations around Scenario-Based Testing for Automated Driving.
In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Paris, France, 9–12 June 2019 pp. From functional to logical scenarios: Detailing a keyword-based scenario description for execution in a simulation environment. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Changshu, China, 26–30 June 2018 pp. Scenarios for development, test and validation of automated vehicles. Driving to safety: How many miles of driving would it take to demonstrate autonomous vehicle reliability. Available online: (accessed on 1 April 2021). Waymo’s Driverless Car: Ghost-Riding in the Back Seat of a Robot Taxi. On the future of transportation in an era of automated and autonomous vehicles. Choosing the right SDLS is important to researchers and developers of AVs, as well as regulatory authorities who are concerned with safety testing. There are now a variety of scenario description languages and systems (SDLS) which are either simulation platform dependent or independent. Such scenarios need to be described and specified, either textually or graphically or both. It can also be viewed as a time sequence of scenes. These include the environment such as road widths, number of lanes, road curvature, road signs, pedestrian sidewalks, a set of vehicles (automated or human-driven) and their initial states (position, orientation, speed, etc.), pedestrians, traffic signals, and the ego automated vehicle (the AV under test) with its initial state and ultimate goal. A driving scenario is typically made up of static, dynamic, and temporary elements. Scenario-based testing requires well-designed traffic scenarios that can sufficiently test the capabilities of the automated driving systems.
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